Scope of work for broadcast flooring

The specified system of broadcast flooring shall provide a wearing surface with waterproofing properties.
The system is based on a solvent free epoxy, which has a good resistance to wear and chemicals.

Advantages of broadcast epoxy flooring

• Good impact resistance

• Skid-resistant finish

• Good chemical resistance

• Suitable for wet process area

• High wear and abrasion resistance

System build-up  for broadcast system

1.If needed, moisture barrier (if > 4% pbw moisture content into the substrate)

Epocem Primer ( Primer coat)  1 x Epocem Primer  Approximately 0.15 Kg/m²

Moisture barrier (Body coat)  1 x Sikafloor 81 Epocem (2 mm minimum):  2.1 kg/m²/mm

2. Primer + levelling broadcast course

Wearing course 1 mm (Levelling layer) Sikafloor 161+ Silica Flour :Approx. 1,2 Kg/m²/mm  + 0.3 Kg/m²/mm

Broadcast onto fresh resin (Broadcast) Quartz sand from 0.3 – 0.8 mm or 0.6 - 1.2 mm  4 - 5 kg/m²

Sealing coat  (Coloured coat)  Sikafloor 264  0.7 kg/m² (minimum)

(Approx. system thickness from 3 mm, without moisture barrier)

Application of broadcast epoxy flooring system

Primer and leveling broadcasted course: Apply Sikafloor 161 and Silica Flour on a 1 mm thickness.
Broadcast the surface of the resin to excess to achieve the desired degree of slip resistance. Next day remove all excess by brush and vacuum.

Sealing coat: Apply a sealing coat of Sikafloor264 by roller or squeegee.
[NB. Certain colors may require a slightly increased consumption applied in two coats].

]]> http://civilengineerblog.com/broadcast-flooring/feed/ http://civilengineerblog.com/affordable-online-engineering-bachelors-masters-degrees/ http://civilengineerblog.com/affordable-online-engineering-bachelors-masters-degrees/#comments Sun, 22 Aug 2010 10:00:42 +0000 Civil Engineer http://civilengineerblog.com/?p=431

Today civil engineers may earn on average about $50,000 per year. Therefore, it is worth while obtaining suitable qualifications which will give you recognition within your chosen speciality. But there are so many civil engineering courses on offer, it is difficult to know where to start. Here are some pointers to help you embark on an online degree course which you will not end up regretting.

An online engineering degree is an affordable way to earn your degree in mechanical, chemical, electrical, computer, biomedical or civil engineering. The average cost of a campus based bachelors degree can be $80,000. The same four year online degree may only cost $20,000. The average salary for an entry level engineer is $40,000. That means you get a return on your investment in the first year of employment with the online degree, and it will take you 2 years to recoup your expenses from a campus-based program!

The demand for engineers is continuing to increase and the future looks bright for future employment. Fifty percent of engineers earn between 58 and 93 thousand dollars. You can easily see that an investment of $20,000 is a good deal.

An online engineering degree program will allow you to have access to materials, lectures, assignments and resources 24/7. You will have access to fellow students through e-mail, blogs, streaming threads, or even VOIP technology. You can work on your own schedule around your other obligations. You will not have to give up your full time job to complete your degree. This means you may also be able to tap into a tuition reimbursement program through your employer to decrease the cost even more!

Programs for bachelors, masters and phD degrees are available from accredited schools across the nation. Geography does not have to be a barrier to obtaining your degree. An online college program website can provide you with the information you need about curriculum, accreditation, financial aid, classes, and technology. You will be able to compare programs to get the best value and most affordable accounting degree.

Keep reading Online degrees benefits for further information.

Asst.Prof.Dr.  Jong-Jae  Lee  –  a  professor  at  the Department  of  Civil  and  Environmental  Engineering,  Sejong University, Seoul, Korea –  is  looking for two excellent doctoral or master’s students for Semesters of year 2011.
Excellent university graduated students are encouraged  to apply  for Master’s degree or combined Master-PhD degree program.  In  July 2010, Dr.Jong-Jae Lee won  two big projects  related  to advanced earthquake  study  for large-scale  civil  structures  (such  as  dams,  long-span  bridges,  high-rise  buildings)  and  NDT  (Non-destructive Testing)  techniques  for  cable  bridges.  The  NDT  project  will  develop  an  advanced  NDT  system  for  damage detection of cable bridges such as  fracture and/or corrosion. One of  the most  important parts of  this project  is  to build a novel magnetic sensor system for evaluating real-time cable damages.

Basic requirements:

•  Master’s degree and/or Bachelor’s degree in Engineering.
•  Good background at theory of magnetism (for NDT project).
•  Intermediate  level  for  commercial  structural  analysis  software  (such  as  ABAQUS,  ANSYS,  MIDAS,
SAP2000, LS-DYNA,…).
•  Good at English, and good academic records.

Application requirements:

•  CV, and Study plan.
•  Copy of official transcripts, Bachelor’s degree, and/or Master’s degree (all of them should be in English).
•  Copy of valid official evidence of English proficiency (TOEFL, IELTS, TOEIC,…).

Benefits:

•  Supporting all school fees, and tuition.
•  Covering health medical insurance, and monthly stipends for living expenses.
•  Extra bonus for good research results.
•  Excellent environment for study, and research.

Closing date:   Jan 30, 2011

Contact and/or further information:
Mr. Ho Hoai Nam
Dynamics and Smart Structures Lab, Room 710A, Chungmu-gwan
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
E-mail: namhohoai@sju.ac.kr or namhh_ise12@hotmail.com

Note:
•  All  interested applicants  should  firstly  e-mail  the CV and Study plan,  the  complete application requirements will be sent via mail when required.
•  Applicants who did not take International English Tests or did not get good English test scores but have good English  skills and academic  records are also  encouraged  to apply  for  the  scholarships.  If  the applicants are accepted for study, they will have to pass the English Test given by the Graduate School, or take two courses of Korean, or take International English Tests for graduation.
•  For graduation, graduate students should meet at least one of the minimum English requirements:

• TOEFL:   PBT 520, CBT 200, iBT 72, or
• TOEIC:   700, or
• IELTS:   5.40

SUMMARY OF GREEN ROOFING WORK

A. Work of this section shall be governed by the Contract Documents. Provide design, materials, labour, equipment and services necessary to furnish, deliver and install all green roof work of this section as shown on the drawings, as specified herein, and/or as required by job conditions.

B. The work shall include but not be limited to the following :

1. Supply and install green roof system conforming to arrangements noted.

2. Submission of submittals and test results.

3. Supply, delivery, storage, hoisting and installation.

REFERENCES FOR GREEN ROOFING WORKS

A. British Standards :
BS 8217 - 1994 - (Formerly CP 144) - Code of Practice - Roofing Works
BS 6229 - 1982 - Code of Practice - Flat roofs with continuously supported coverings
BS 8000 Part 4 1989 - Code of Practice - Workmanship on Building Sites

B. Swiss Standards :
SIA V 280 – Recommendation 1996 – Synthetic (Polymers) waterproofing membrane
SIA 271 – Code of practice – Flat Roofs

QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer’s Qualifications:

1. For uniformity of the efficiency and future maintenance, all the products proposed for waterproofing shall be from the same Manufacturer or approved by the waterproofing membrane Manufacturer.
2. The waterproofing membrane manufacturer shall be certified within the frame of ISO 9000 series standards: ISO Certificate shall be available for Engineer checking at time of submission.

DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Deliver precast elements to job site in whole undamaged units, in conformance with the reviewed samples. For loose items deliver materials to the site, ready for use in the manufacturer’s original and unopened containers and packaging, bearing labels as to type of material, brand name and manufacturer’s name. Delivered material shall be identical to the reviewed submittals.

B. Store materials under cover in a dry and clean location, off the ground and remove materials which are damaged or otherwise not suitable for installation from the job site and replace with acceptable materials.

C. Deliver material to the project site in such quantities and at such time as will assure the continuity of the installation. Store material so as to prevent cracking, distortion, staining or other physical damage, and so that markings are visible.

D. Handle, transport, store and erect units in such a manner that they will not be overstressed or damaged.

E. At all times protect lifting hooks and devices from rusting with liquid galvanizing. Recess lifting hooks and after removal paint the cut ends with liquid galvanizing and fill the recess with grout.

F. Protect the work of other trades during installation and final cleaning.

G. The Contractor shall submit proposed handling and lifting procedures for approval by the Architect.

TESTING FOR GREEN ROOFS

A. Flood tests 48 hours minimum after completion of the waterproofing works.
B. Restrict water run-off from membrane area by plugging drains and creating dams or dikes. Flood restricted area to depth of about 100 mm and maintain at this depth for 48 hours.

LIFE - Faculty of Life Sciences is one of Europe’s leading university environments in the areas of veterinary science, food and natural resources.

Through financial support from the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 8 PhD scholarships are available within Climate Change; Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation. The three-year studentships are expected to be effective from 1 December or soon thereafter.
Applications are welcomed within the following 15 areas; please observe that only 8 PhD scholarships will be filled.

1. Research to prevent methane emission from ruminant livestock and associated damage to the environment
2. Downscaling climate change information for agriculture and natural resource management
3. Spatial characterisation and modelling of bio-production, eco-systems and climate driven spatial change
4. Climate change effects on ecology and pest status of noxious species
5. Developing sustainable, climate-favorable fertilizer technologies for industrial and third world agriculture
6. Waste management effects on GHG emissions and climate change – in a life cycle assessment perspective
7. Climate Change and Mitigation: Forestry and land-use change
8. Climate Change and Adaptation: Forestry and land-use change
9. Impact of climate change on emerging plant diseases and their threat to food security
10. Climate and contaminants in agricultural drainage water
11. Climate change: Costal Flooding Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in Urban Planning
12. Economics of Climate Change and Natural Resources Management
13. Climate change- GIS-based models for assessing changes in transmission patterns and human health risks of food-borne zoonotic trematode infections in south-east Asia
14. GIS-based models and risk assessment to establish effect of climate change on Salmonella in aquacultures in South-east Asia
15. Effect of climate change on the disease biology of vector-borne helminth diseases in Africa

Qualification requirements

• In connection with the appointment to the post special importance will be attached to the applicant having the professional and personal qualifications stated below:
• Passed Master’s degree in relation to the above subject area(s)
• The PhD candidate is also required to have research potential, to be enterprising, to possess good interpersonal skills and to be qualified for enrolment into the PhD programme.

Terms of employment

The post will be filled in accordance with the Agreement between the Danish Ministry of Finance and the Danish Federation of Professional Associations. The post is covered by the Protocol on Job Structure.
The position as a PhD fellow requires the applicant to be approved for admission to the PhD programme of the university in question.

Questions

Questions related to a specific theme should be directed to the Contact person of the actual theme.
General questions regarding the Graduate School of Life Sciences at LIFE should be directed to Course Administration c/o special advisor Michael Cleve Hansen, ph. (+45) 3528 2056 (e-mail: mclh@life.ku.dk) or head clerk Lillian Zeuthen Bjørnseth, ph. (+45) 3528 2172 (e-mail: lzb@life.ku.dk).

Further information on PhD programmes is available at http://www.life.ku.dk/English/education/phd.aspx

Application

No application form is needed. In order for your application to be taken into consideration you must meet the following requirements:
Your application must be sent by E-mail in pdf-format only. Please, include all the documents you wish to be evaluated in one single pdf-file. The application must include the following appendices marked with the stated appendix numbers:

Appendix 1: curriculum vitae with documentation of education.
Appendix 2: material required for expert assessment, including publications and documentation of work experience.

Foreign diplomas (Master, Bachelor and the like) must be provided in the original language as well as in an English translation. For all diplomas, Danish or otherwise, transcripts containing the names and grades/marks for all courses taken must also be included.
Please, indicate clearly which position you apply for.

In addition to the material the applicant wishes to be included in the assessment, the Assessment Committee may implicate additional material in the assessment of the applicant. In such circumstances, it is the responsibility of the applicant, on request, to send the material to the Committee.

The applicant will be assessed in accordance with the Executive Order no. 284 of 25 April 2008 of the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.

The applications marked 625-264 should be sent to by E-mail to anc@life.ku.dk, no later than 1 September 2010.
More info:

http://www.life.ku.dk/English/education/phd/Available_Scholarships.aspx

Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is, as it name implies, concrete compacted by roller. It is therefore differs from conventional concrete in its consistence as it must support rollers in its unhardened state.

The RCC concrete mix must be dry enough to prevent the sinking of the roller but wet enough to permit adequate distribution of the binder during mixing and compaction operations. The development of RCC has caused a major shift in the practice of constructing mass concrete dams which can now be finished as much as 1 to 2 years earlier than conventional mass concrete dams. Up tp 18 000 cubic meter of RCC can be placed in one day.

RCC is constructed similarly to layer-works in road construction and using similar equipment. RCC is placed  using dump trucks or conveyors, spread by bulldozers or special modified asphalt pavers. Extenders are extensively used in RCC to reduce costs and to control temperature rises during hydration of cement. RCC is proportioned by using both soil compaction principle and basic concrete technology.

The first Roller Compacted Concrete RCC dam built in the USA was the Willow Creek Dam on Willow Creek, a tributary in Oregon of the Columbia River. RCC is also extensively used for concrete pavements, particular in Canada and Spain. Some low-volume roads have been build in South Africa.

This article tries to analyze the importance of civil engineering in the modern world and discusses some of the tasks it accomplishes.

The branch of Civil Engineering deals with the design, construction and maintenance of fixed structures like roads, bridges, transportation systems, etc. This arm of engineering gained importance during the world wars when civil engineers where responsible for building resilient structures which could be used for housing soldiers and also to obtain protection from enemy attacks.

Scope of Civil Engineering

Due to increase in the scope of civil engineering with the passage of time, it has now got diversified into many branches of study. Some of the significant ones include structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and a few more important areas of study.

Functions of Civil Engineering

The most important task of civil engineering is design and planning of various structures. For this purpose, the forces acting on each nook and corner of the structure are analyzed and a stable design is finalized. This process is crucial because all the stresses and strains that arise within the structure are to be neutralized to keep the structure erect. Civil engineers must also provide allowance for deviations due to wind, seismic activity or other natural calamities, only then can the buildings resist the impact of natural forces.

Civil engineers are also responsible for building good quality transportation systems like highways, airports, rail lines, sea ports, etc. A civil engineer is concerned with determining the right design for these structures and looking after the construction process so that the longevity of these structures is guaranteed after completion. These structures should also be satisfactory for the public in terms of comfort.

Apart from structures on land and general transportation systems, civil engineers are also responsible for building good transportation systems for flow of water, i.e. the water distribution systems. The main activities in this undertaking are designing pipelines for flow of water, drainage facilities, canals, dams, etc. Dams are a major source for non-conventional source of electricity and are hence in high demand today. While designing these structures, the civil engineers take into account the various properties of fluids to calculate the forces acting at different points.

Other Applications Of Civil Engineering

Another very important aspect of civil engineering is environmental engineering. In this case, the civil engineers are concerned with applications of various methods to purify the contaminated air, water and soil. The polluted system should be cleaned, the waste extracted and the purified constituent must be sent back to the natural system.

Civil engineers are becoming more and more important in the recent years. Now, they are also responsible for looking after the fire control systems and installing quick fire exit points in the buildings they design. This will help in minimizing the loss of life during fire accidents.

]]> http://civilengineerblog.com/civil-engineering/feed/ http://civilengineerblog.com/free-project-management-ebook/ http://civilengineerblog.com/free-project-management-ebook/#comments Thu, 22 Jul 2010 15:48:44 +0000 Civil Engineer http://civilengineerblog.com/?p=776

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Economical waterproofing solution is a combination of a Liquid Applied bituminous Membrane (Sikaproof Membrane) with a cementitious mortar (Sikalatex Mortar) as protective layer for the roof.

• Apply Sikaproof Membrane bitumen polymer modified waterproofing liquid membrane

• Apply cementitious Sika Latex TH waterproofing slurry & mortar screed

• Seal joints with high capacity movement Sikaflex Construction

• Apply curing compound to protect the substrate from plastic shrinkage cracking

Sikaproof Membrane: Highly elastic, water based bitumen emulsion coating used waterproofing for concrete slab.

Sika Latex TH: A synthetic rubber emulsion used as a cement mortar admixture where good adhesion and water resistance is required.

Surface Preparation

• All weak and unsound concrete must be removed by mechanical tool and repair when it’s necessary.

• The concrete must be clean and free from dust, oil, or any laitance or loose materials and must be dry prior to the application of the Sikaproof Membrane waterproofing layer.

• The existing concrete roof slab to which the waterproofing layer is to be applied should have strength of > 20 Mpa.

Application

• Apply the first coat of Sikaproof Membrane (diluted with 50% water) onto the dry concrete substrate by using brush or spraying. The rate of application should be 0.3 kg/m2/coat.

• Allow the first coat of Sikaproof Membrane completely dry prior (after 2 h) to the application of second coating (without diluted), with consumption 0.85 kg/m2/coat.

• Allow the second coat of Sikaproof Membrane completely dry prior (after 3 h) to the application of third coating (without diluted), with consumption 0.85 kg/m2/coat.

• The Sika Latex  bonding should be applied to the third coat of Sikaproof Membrane after approx. 4 hours.

• Mix 1  liter Sika Latex + 1  liter of water + 4 kg cement by weight. Consumption 0.25 ltr Sika Latex/m2 .

• Apply the Sika Latex mortar when the Sika Latex bonding slurry is still wet. Mix 1 liter Sika Latex and 1 liter water. Consumption 1 liter Sika Latex/m2/20mm thickness with a cement / sand ratio of 1:3 by weight.

• The preferred finish to the Sika Latex  waterproofing mortar is by steel trowel and curing.

• Cutting expansion joint for mortar layer.

Conventional concrete containing discontinuous discrete fibres is called fibre-reinforced concrete. Fibers of various shape and size produced from steel, plastic,  glass, carbon and natural materials have been used.

However for any reinforcement to be effective, it must be stiffer than the concrete matrix that is reinforcing. Generally the less stiff fibres (made from plastic and natural materials) only offer benefits in improving the tensile strength of plastic and semi-hardened concrete and are therefore mainly used to reduce plastic shrinkage and plastic settlement cracking. The stiffer fibres improve both the tensile strength and the toughness of harden concrete.

The most widely used stiff fibre is steel. Low volume fractions of fibres (less than 1%) are used to reduce shrinkage cracking. Moderate volume fractions (between 1% to 2%) increase flexural strength, fracture toughness and impact resistance. High volume fractions (greater than 2%) lead to strain hardening of the composites. The shape and length of the fibres also play a role in the fibres’ effectiveness in improving the properties of the concrete. The use of fibres in concrete can have a marked effect on the workability of the concrete and this need to be taken into account  in the mix proportion of fibre-reinforced concrete.

Currently a great deal of research is being undertaken into the use of ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced composites. One of the benefits of these materials is extremely high ductility. Fibre-reinforced concrete has been used for precast panels, airfield and highway pavements, industrial floors and in spraying concrete for slope stability and underground mining applications.